GERHARD SCHRODER and the G8 SUMMIT 2005

HOME    SITE INDEX   CATAMARAN HULL    SOLAR PANELS    ELECTRIC MOTORS    BATTERIES   EXPEDITION    SPONSORS

INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GASES

The G8 comprises seven of the world's leading industrialised nations, and Russia.

The leaders of these countries meet face-to-face at an annual summit that has become a focus of media attention and protest action.

Gerhard Schröder

The Federal Republic of Germany has held the G8 Presidency on four occasions, the most recent of which was in 1999 when the Summit was held in Cologne.  Prior to that, Germany has held the Summit in Munich (1992), Bonn in (1985) and (1978).  Germany will next hold the Presidency in 2007.

Full Country Name: The Federal Republic of Germany

Area: 357,868 sq km
Population: 82.5 million
Capital City: Berlin (population – 3.4 million)
Official Language(s): German
Currency: Euro (€) = 100 Euro Cent

Head of State: President Professor Horst Köhler
Chancellor: Gerhard Schröder
Foreign Minister: Joschka Fischer

GEOGRAPHY

Germany is in Central Europe, bordering the North Sea and the Baltic Sea between the Netherlands and Poland, and to the south of Denmark. It has a landscape that varies from flat land towards the Dutch border to hilly in the south and seaports and beaches in the north.

ECONOMY

GDP per head (PPP): US$ 27,100 (2003)
Inflation: 1.6% (2004)
 

POLITICS

Gerhard Schröder won the last Bundestag elections in September 2002 by a narrow margin to allow them a second term in government.

Nelson Kruschandl - "Well done on famine relief - what about global warming?"

OVERVIEW

The G8's roots lie in the oil crisis and global economic recession of the early 1970s. In 1973, these challenges prompted the US to form the Library Group - an informal gathering of senior financial officials from Europe, Japan and the US.

At the instigation of the French, the 1975 meeting drew in heads of government. The delegates agreed to meet annually. The six nations involved became known as the G6, and later the G7 and G8 after the respective entries of Canada (1976) and Russia (1998).

Initially set up as a forum for economic and trade matters, politics crept onto the G7 agenda in the late 1970s. Issues under consideration at recent summits have included helping the developing world, global security, Middle East peace and Iraq reconstruction.

G8 members can agree on policies and can set objectives, but compliance with these is entirely voluntary. The G8 has clout in other world bodies by virtue of the economic and political muscle of its members.

The workings of the G8 are a far cry from the "fireside chats" of the Library Group in the 1970s. Holed up behind fortress-like security, the delegates are accompanied by an army of officials. Elaborate preparations are made for their meetings, statements and photo-calls.

Nevertheless, G8 leaders strive to keep at least some of their encounters free from bureaucracy and ceremony. On the second day of their summit the leaders gather for an informal retreat, where they can talk without being encumbered by officials or the media.

The European Union is represented at the G8 by the president of the European Commission and by the leader of the country that holds the EU presidency. The EU does not take part in G8 political discussions.

FACTS

• Founded: 1975, Rambouillet, France

• Original members: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US

• Later members: Canada (joined at 1976 summit, San Juan, Puerto Rico), Russia (joined at 1998 summit, Birmingham, UK)

LEADERS

The presidency of the G8 rotates between the group's member nations on an annual basis.  The country holding the presidency in a given year is also responsible for hosting the annual summit, and for handling the security arrangements.  As the foremost economic and political power in the G8, the US is regarded as the dominant member of the group, although this position is not formally enshrined.

ISSUES

Critics of the G8 have accused the body of representing the interests of an elite group of industrialised nations, to the detriment of the needs of the wider world.  Key countries with fast-growing economies and large populations, including China and India, are not represented. There are no African or Latin American members.  The G8's positive stance on globalisation has provoked a vigorous response from opponents, and riots have sometimes overshadowed summit agendas, most notably in Italy in 2001.

The violence has encouraged a tightening of the security cordon that separates protesters and politicians, reinforcing the G8's closed-door image.  In recent years the G8 has launched drives to counter disease, including HIV-Aids, and has announced development programmes and debt-relief schemes. But aid is often dependent on the respect for democracy and good governance in the recipient countries. Critics say that spending on such initiatives is inadequate.

Basic disagreements sometimes emerge within the G8: Global warming was a sticking point at the 2001 Genoa summit, where US President George W Bush underlined his rejection of the Kyoto treaty on emissions. Rifts among G8 members have also been evident over the US-led war in Iraq.

Background  |  The summit agenda  |  Venue  |  Participants  |  Local Impact

Local Security  |  Insurance Cover  |  Business Opportunities  |  Glossary

Publications  |  Africa  |  Climate Change  |  Frequently Asked Questions

What is the G8 Summit?  |  About G8 Tartan

The G8 leaders

Tony Blair - promises like piecrust

Tony Blair has also signaled a shift away from legally binding targets key to tackling climate change. Please e-mail your MP to urge Tony Blair not to turn his back on climate change. Visit our information page to find out more.

Dr Ashok Sinha, Director of Stop Climate Chaos, said "Tony Blair’s recent remarks on climate change are giving Kyoto’s opponents - in particular President Bush - the ammunition to kill off the Protocol.  For a Prime Minister who has championed climate change throughout his EU and G8 Presidencies Tony Blair is now in real danger of undermining the most important climate change agreement ever."

President Bush loves oil  -  Watch "Climate Mash"

ACT NOW: Ask your MP to urge Tony Blair not to turn his back on climate change (90 seconds is all it takes).

Or read more first  Thank you for your support - the Climate Change Campaign Team

Stop the 'Global Warming Zombies' this Halloween

"The Climate Mash" is hilarious, but the effects of global warming aren't funny.

Global warming puts our health, our economy and our environment at risk. It's time to demand that major polluters like ExxonMobil and others stop resisting solutions that could make a real difference.

Your voice is needed to overcome the polluters who are trying to bury clean energy solutions. NOW is the time to tell your elected representatives in Washington that you want their commitment to solving global warming.

More Climate Mash Stuff!

For The News Media

• NEW! Climate Mash an Internet Smash — Press Release 10/25

• Press Release

• Bobby Pickett Interview (mp3, 8.75 megs)

• Photos of Bobby Pickett: 1, 2

• Lyrics to Climate Mash

• Flash Screen Shots

• More to come!

For the Fans

• Flash Screen Shots

Credits

• "Climate Mash" performed by Bobby "Boris" Pickett

• Music and backup vocals by Andrea Perry

• Bush voice by Austin comic Kerry Awn

• Flash animation by Horseback Salad

• Lyrics and script written by Peter Altman

• "Monster Mash" song:
  
  "Monster Mash"
  Words and Music by Bobby Pickett and Leonard Capizzi
  Copyright © 1973 Dimensional Music Publishing LLC. d/b/a Acoustic Music (BMI)/
  Gary S. Paxton Publications, Inc. (BMI) / Capizzi Music Co. (BMI)
  Worldwide rights for Acoustic Music and Gary S. Paxton Publications, Inc.
  administered by Cherry River Music Co. (BMI)
  All Rights Reserved - Used By Kind Permission

Climate change is a global challenge and requires a global solution

Greenhouse gas emissions have the same impact on the atmosphere whether they originate in Washington, London or Beijing. Consequently, action by one country to reduce emissions will do little to slow global warming unless other countries act as well.  Ultimately, an effective strategy will require commitments and action by all the major emitting countries.

The international response to climate change was launched in 1992, at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, with the signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Convention established a long-term objective of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere "at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system". It also set a voluntary goal of reducing emissions from developed countries to 1990 levels by 2000 - a goal that most countries did not meet.

Recognizing that stronger action was needed, countries negotiated the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which sets binding targets to reduce emissions 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. The Protocol entered into force on February 16, 2005, which made the Protocol's emissions targets binding legal commitments for those industrialized countries that ratified it (the United States and Australia have not ratified it). In addition, the market-based mechanisms established under the Protocol, including international emissions trading and the Clean Development Mechanism, became fully operational with the Protocol's entry into force.

CONTACTS:

UK Environment Agency
Phone: (011)00-44-1709-389-201

Greater London Authority
Phone: (011)020-7983-4000

Global Warming  |  Waste Recycling  |  Climate Change

MORE ON AGENDA 21     MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT A-Z     HOUSE OF LORDS A-Z     COUNCIL'S AGENDA 21

BBC Links

Aminata's hopes
A delegate at the youth equivalent of G8 shares her thoughts

Africa Links

Climate Change Links

Other G8 Summit websites

Britain and Scotland

UK Government

Youth events in 2005 linked to key G8 themes of Africa and Climate Change

Additional Links